DNV gmphom hose CALM
CALM / SPM systems are typically used in water depths less than 80 meter, but more sophisticated designs are in service in deeper waters.
The buoy is typically spread moored to the seabed using a series of mooring chains. CALM / SPM buoys include a 360° rotating turntable thereby allowing the moored vessel to freely weathervane around the buoy whilst moored to it. A series of floating hoses are used to connect the tanker manifolds to the buoy manifolds and a series of submarine hoses used to connect the buoy manifolds to the subsea PLEM in various configurations,
Chinese Lantern, Lazy S, Steep S, etc.
